St John Philby
Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 – 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah (Arabic: الشيخ عبدالله), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an adviser to King Abdulaziz ibn Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia. As he states in his autobiography, he "became something of a fanatic" and in 1908 "the first Socialist to join the Indian Civil Service".