Structuralist theory of mythology
The structuralist theory of mythology is a method of analyzing mythology, in which the mythology is treated as if it follows the same structure and rules as language. The method was devised by French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, who claimed that myth, like language, can be broken down into constituents (which he called "mythemes" in the case of mythology).
Source: Wikipedia — Structuralist theory of mythology (CC BY-SA 4.0)