Sum of squares function
In number theory, the sum of squares function is an arithmetic function that gives the number of representations for a given positive integer n {\displaystyle n} as the sum of k {\displaystyle k} squares, where representations that differ only in the order of the summands or in the signs of the numbers being squared are counted as different. It is denoted by r k ( n ) {\displaystyle r_{k}(n)} .