Tenentism
Tenentism (Portuguese: tenentismo) was a political philosophy of junior army officers (tenentes, IPA: [teˈnẽtʃis], "lieutenants"), generally from the burgeoning middle-class and unsatisfied with the oligarchic structure of the republic who significantly contributed to the Revolution of 1930 that ended the First Brazilian Republic. The movement advocated reforms in the country's power structure, among which the end of open ballot system (the end of the so-called vote of cabresto), a voting method that favored the coronelismo present in the Oligarchic Republic, in addition to defending the institution of secret ballots, universal suffrage and reform in public education.