Topographical disorientation

Topographical disorientation, also known as topographical agnosia and place blindness, is the inability to orient oneself in one's surroundings, sometimes as a result of focal brain damage. This disability may result from the inability to make use of selective spatial information (e.g., environmental landmarks) or to orient by means of specific cognitive strategies such as the ability to form a mental representation of the environment, also known as a cognitive map.

Source: Wikipedia — Topographical disorientation (CC BY-SA 4.0)