Toroidal coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from rotating the two-dimensional bipolar coordinate system about the axis that separates its two foci. Thus, the two foci F 1 {\displaystyle F_{1}} and F 2 {\displaystyle F_{2}} in bipolar coordinates become a ring of radius a {\displaystyle a} in the x y {\displaystyle xy} plane of the toroidal coordinate system; the z {\displaystyle z} -axis is the axis of rotation.
Toroidal coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from rotating the two-dimensional bipolar coordinate system about the axis that separates its two foci. Thus, the two foci F 1 {\displaystyle F_{1}} and F 2 {\displaystyle F_{2}} in bipolar coordinates become a ring of radius a {\displaystyle a} in the x y {\displaystyle xy} plane of the toroidal coordinate system; the z {\displaystyle z} -axis is the axis of rotation.
Source: Wikipedia "Toroidal coordinates" · CC BY-SA 4.0
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