Township and Village Enterprises

Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs, simplified Chinese: 乡镇企业; traditional Chinese: 鄉鎮企業; pinyin: Xiāngzhèn qǐyè) are rural, industrial and commercial enterprises that played a central role in China’s economic reforms during the 1980s and 1990s. Although often described as collectively owned, the term primarily refers to enterprises located in townships and villages in China rather than to a specific ownership structure.

Source: Wikipedia — Township and Village Enterprises (CC BY-SA 4.0)