Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) is a Black nationalist fraternal organization founded by Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican immigrant to the United States, and his then-wife Amy Ashwood Garvey. The African Nationalist organization enjoyed its greatest strength in the 1920s, and was influential prior to Garvey's deportation to Jamaica in 1927.