Universal hypothesis testing

In statistics, universal hypothesis testing is a special case of binary simple hypothesis testing. The universal problem is to distinguish between a simple null hypothesis H 0 : Q = P {\displaystyle H_{0}:Q=P} , and the most general composite alternative H 1 : Q ≠ P {\displaystyle H_{1}:Q\neq P} , using independent and identically distributed samples from Q {\displaystyle Q} .