Majumdar–Ghosh model
The Majumdar–Ghosh model is a one-dimensional quantum Heisenberg spin model in which the nearest-neighbour antiferromagnetic exchange interaction is twice as strong as the next-nearest-neighbour interaction. It is a special case of the more general J 1 {\displaystyle J_{1}} - J 2 {\displaystyle J_{2}} model, with J 1 = 2 J 2 {\displaystyle J_{1}=2J_{2}} .